What are target organs of growth hormone (GH)? Indicate some mechanisms by which hormones exert their effects. True or false. - A - C - B - D - E and more. After a lipid-soluble hormone is bound to its intracellular receptor, what does the hormone complex do? a. 5. \begin{array}{lcccc} Second messenger molecules are released 4. A type of localized signaling in which a cell secretes a signal molecule that affects neighboring cells is best described as which of the following? $$. It promotes growth and development of egg-containing follicles in the ovaries. they activate proteins that already exist within the cellBecause nonsteroid hormones cannot cross the cell membrane, they bind to receptors on the cell membrane and trigger events within the cell with proteins that have already been produced. Protein kinases activate enzymes by phosphorylating or adding phosphate groups to them. \end{array} Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Evidence that cell signaling evolved early in the history of life comes from _____. WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?, A semipermeable membrane is placed between the following solutions. Molecules that has a metabolic effect on another cell; a cell that has receptors for specific hormones. - signal molecule - cyclic AMP - tyrosine kinase - G protein - calmodulin, Part C Which of these is a signal molecule? Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Cortisol is a steroid hormone that can pass through the plasma membrane. Those hormones that are nonpolar can pass through the plasma membrane and are called A. hydrophilic. Microsoft pleaded for its deal on the day of the Phase 2 decision last month, but now the gloves are well and truly off. Solution A: 1.4% (m/v) starch Solution B: 7.62% (m/v) starch, A semipermeable membrane is placed between the following solutions. $$ C. lipophilic. Which of the following explains this apparent paradox? Assume that the specific heat capacity of the solution is $4.18\ \mathrm { J } ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C } ^ { - 1 } \mathrm { g } ^ { - 1 }$ and that no heat is transferred to the surroundings or to the calorimeter. - A - C - B - D - E and more. WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Part complete Structure A in the figure is a(n) _____., Which of these cannot rapidly pass directly through the phospholipids of the plasma membrane?, Ions, such as hydrogen ions, and hydrophilic molecules, such as water and glucose, cannot rapidly pass directly through the The three layers of the eyeball, from outer to inner, are: The sclera is continuous with a transparent layer over the anterior eye known as the: What part of the eye controls the amount of light entering through the pupil? (eText Concept 11.3), IP3 (inositol trisphosphate) is produced as a result of _____. (eText Concept 11.1), Cells use different signaling strategies to achieve different goals. Paracrine substances called ______ have powerful, regulating effects on cellular responses to hormones. hypothalmusThe hypothalamus secretes both releasing and inhibiting hormones. Which of these extracellular signal molecules could diffuse through a plasma membrane and bind to an intracellular receptor? Nerve fibers in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland secrete ______. To what does the term ligand refer in cell biology? Which hormones have the effect of increasing the heart rate and blood pressure, increasing the breathing rate and decreasing digestive activity? ATPgammaS is a form of ATP that cannot be hydrolyzed by enzymes. What mechanisms are triggered when blood glucose is low (for example between meals)? The ______ are the male organs that secrete testosterone. Adenylyl cyclase is activated after the hormone binds to the cell and before phosphorylation of proteins occurs. Parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium concentration by stimulating ______ and by inhibiting ______. CH 11 PRACTICE TEST KU BIOL 150. If a gene is activated by a hormone, what is the most likely chain of events? Which of the following is the last step in the sequence of events happening when cyclic AMP acts as a second messenger? Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of the following diagrams shows the most likely way that two water molecules will bond with each other? True or False: Non-steroid hormones include peptides, proteins, glycoproteins, and amines. All monetary amounts are in $million units.$ The G-protein activates an enzyme, adenylate cyclase, to convert ATP into cyclic AMP (cAMP). WebGlucose 6phosphate activates glycogen synthase, resulting in allosterically activated glycogen synthase. The primary reason steroid hormones usually act slowly is that _____. A) aldosterone B) insulin C) secretin D) cortisol, Normal development of the immune response is due in part to hormones produced by the _____. What does the addition of a phosphate group do to a protein? Which of the following changes to Ras would you expect to see in a cancer cell that has mutated Ras present? Which of the following hormones is regulated by a neuroendocrine ("letdown") reflex? The nervous system releases neurotransmitters into synapses. For the costs and benefits estimated, which alternative should be selected on the basis of a B/C analysis at 6% per year and a 40-year project period? Which of the following would be triggered by a drop in blood Ca2+ levels? As blood calcium concentration drops, PTH levels ______. In order to safeguard the public health, environment, public beaches, water quality, and economy of south San Diego County, California, and Tijuana, Mexico, federal agencies in the United States and Mexico developed four alternatives for treating wastewater prior to discharge into the ocean. Identify the hormone that decreases the rate at which calcium is lost in the urine. Which of these statements describes some aspect of facilitated diffusion? In this activity, you will sort items based on which stage they are involved in: reception, transduction, or response., Histamine is a chemical substance Plant cells continuously produce a proton gradient by using the energy of ATP hydrolysis to pump protons out of the cell. Evidence that cell signaling evolved early in the history of life comes from _____. androgensAndrogens, such as testosterone, are the main male hormones. Which of the following signal transduction proteins are activated by phosphorylation after binding to a signal molecule? Which of the following is happening in your body? Protein kinases are activated.3. Different molecules are involved at each stage of the process. In doing so, these steroids __________. e. Students also viewed. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Aldosterone ________. both increase in PTH secretion and decrease in calcitonin secretion. True or False: The sex hormones from the adrenal cortex are primarily androgens. A phosphate group from ATP is added to a transport protein, changing its shape and facilitating transport. A hormone has a half-life of 20 minutes. What is the meaning of the word root "horm-"? - signal molecule - cyclic AMP - tyrosine kinase - G protein - calmodulin, Part C Which of these is a signal molecule? Which of the following processes and organelle(s) accounts for the replacement of lipids and proteins lost from the plasma membrane? Steroid hormones can enter a cell by simple diffusion. ADH is a(n) ______ that targets the ______, conserving water. Which hormone stimulates milk production? CH 11 PRACTICE TEST KU BIOL 150. The physical form of the signal changes as it passes from the cell membrane to the ultimate intracellular target. acts as a transcription factor and binds to DNA, activating a genethen mRNA is synthesized. The meaning of the prefix "toc-" is ______. A gland secretes hormones when it detects that hormone levels are low. (eText Concept 11.2), G-protein-linked receptors _____, whereas receptor tyrosine kinases _____. A signal molecule binds to a receptor.4. The concentration of solutes in a red blood cell is about 2%, but red blood cells contain almost no sucrose or urea. CC 7.1, How would the membrane lipid composition of a native grass found in very warm soil IP3.inositol trisphosphate releases calcium from intracellular storage sites. Which hormone stimulates hormone production by the ovaries and testes? Which second messenger causes the release of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum? A) aldosterone B) insulin C) secretin D) cortisol, Normal development of the immune response is due in part to hormones produced by the _____. What are some examples of protein hormones? It modifies a G protein involved in regulating salt and water secretion. which activates specific _____ in a cell to bring about the cell's response to the hormone. A secretion of a "local hormone" which affects only the cell secreting it is what type of secretion? ADH stimulates the hypothalamus to produce oxytocin.ADH is released from the posterior pituitary; it does not stimulate the gland. 2) G protein is activated and activates adenylate cyclase 3) Adenylate cyclase converts ATP into cyclic AMP 4) cAMP activates protein kinases 5) Protein kinases phosphorylate substrates 6) Substrates change cellular processes They may change the activity of an enzyme. Which of the following statements best describes a reason that C. elegans is an excellent model organism for investigating apoptosis? Which solution will decrease in volume? The pancreatic hormone that stimulates an increase in blood glucose levels is ______. The receptor cells of the semicircular canals are located in the: Standing still in an elevator that suddenly lowers stimulates receptors in the: What supports the spiral organ (organ of Corti)? Which hormone's receptor is always bound to DNA, even when the receptor is empty? Consider the currently accepted fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane. Signal transduction pathways are multistep pathways that include relay proteins and small, nonprotein, water-soluble molecules or ions called second messengers. A female patient is experiencing a hormonal imbalance that is causing her to skip menstrual periods due to low estrogen and miss ovulation. Which of the following statements about that model is true? They are released near blood vessels (a capillary bed) in the hypothalamus, travel a short distance, and diffuse out around the cells of the anterior pituitary.The releasing hormones from the hypothalamus travel through the blood vessels (capillaries) from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A signal transduction pathway is initiated when a _____ binds to a receptor. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 8. True or False: The hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla are amines. Growth hormone, prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and others are secreted by what gland? C. elegans undergoes a fixed and easy-to-visualize number of apoptotic events during its normal development. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Part complete Structure A in the figure is a(n) _____., Which of these cannot rapidly pass directly through the phospholipids of the plasma membrane?, Ions, such as hydrogen ions, and hydrophilic molecules, such as water and glucose, cannot rapidly pass directly through the phospholipids of a plasma membrane Which of the following statements best describes the effect of a mutation that alters the structure of the a factor so that it no longer binds to the corresponding receptor on cells? True or false: A hormone is a secreted molecule that is carried in the blood stream to where it acts on target cells that bear specific receptors for that hormone. Damage to the facial nerve would result in a loss of taste sensation from: Where is the primary gustatory cortex located? What are ways that hormone levels are controlled? (eText Concept 11.2), A small molecule that specifically binds to a larger molecule is called a(n) _____. a form of cancer in which normal apoptosis fails. CC 7.1, How would the membrane lipid composition of a native grass found in very warm soil Rises at puberty and levels off after adolescence. A) aldosterone B) insulin C) secretin D) cortisol, Normal development of the immune response is due in part to hormones produced by the _____. The substances secreted by endocrine glands are called ______. bromine. In a negative feedback mechanism, if a hormone level is low, receptors sense the change and cause a(n) ______ in secretion of that hormone. 1) Cholesterol is converted into provitamin D in the intestine. Protein A must have regions of shape and charge that are complementary to those on Protein B. WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Gluconeogenesis, the formation of glucose from fats and proteins, is due to the action of ________., Normal development of the immune response is due in part to hormones produced by the, Virtually all amino acid-based hormones exert their signaling effects through intracellular and more. A night-shift worker experiences extreme difficulty falling asleep due to being exposed to bright lights during both night and day. If these molecules can enter all cells, why do only specific cells respond to their presence? Simple goiter is most prevalent where the soil lacks ______. Which of the following is a correct difference between active transport and facilitated diffusion? Protein phosphatases dephosphorylate or remove phosphate groups from enzymes, including protein kinases. Which of the following enables a cell to concentrate and take in a specific kind of molecule? a. Mammary glands produce milk in response to stimulation by the hormone ______. D. Both hydrophobic and lipophilic are correct., 10. Which solution will decrease in volume? What percentage of T4 is converted to T3 in peripheral tissues? How does this method of preservation prevent microorganisms from growing in the olives? They secrete hormones into the blood stream. In which of the following ways do plant hormones differ from hormones in animals? In this example thromboxane A2 is acting as a __________. A dietary deficiency in the element ______, commonly added by manufacturers to table salt, will cause a deficiency in thyroid hormone production. What is the minimum partial pressure of $\mathrm{H}_2$ required for the preceding reaction to be spontaneous in the forward direction at $25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ if the partial pressure of $\mathrm{HI}$ is $0.94$ . A. Vertical Diagram B. WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Consider the currently accepted fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane. $y=(3 x-1)^{1 / 3}, x \in \mathbf{R}$. they turn genes on or off and it takes time for gene products to build up or become depletedThis is the primary reason that steroid hormones usually act slowly. Which of these is a receptor tyrosine kinase? Where in the plasma membrane would cholesterol most likely be found? What is the meaning of the word root "exo-"? Decreases the permeability of capillaries. At puberty, an adolescent female body changes in both structure and function of several organ systems, primarily under the influence of changing concentrations of estrogen and other steroid hormones. (eText Concept 11.3), The source of phosphate for a phosphorylation cascade is _____. WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like When cells communicate by the signaling process, one cell produces a _____ that must be received by the _____ on or in the responding cell., Signal molecules that are _____ usually have their corresponding receptor _____ of the cell., A receptor that is inside the cell would require a _____ signal Many G protein-coupled receptors contain seven transmembrane -helical domains. The stress response is mediated by what system(s)? Which of the following processes includes all the others? What pituitary hormone triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland? 4. The molecule cAMP directly activates __________. How does hydrolysis of ATP drive transport? Renin catalyzes the conversion of ______ into angiotensin I. Secretions of "local hormones" that enter the interstitial fluid but affect only neighboring cells are called ______ secretions. What is the mechanism of action of lipid-soluble hormones? Which of the following would be least likely to pass through a plasma membrane without the help of a transport protein? The pituitary gland has an anterior lobe called the ______ and a posterior lobe called the ______. b. It is likely that she will have elevated levels of hormones from her ______ glands in her bloodstream. (eText Concept 11.2), Nitric oxide is unusual among animal signal molecules in that it _____. WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Protein phosphorylation is commonly involved with all of the following excepA, Binding of a signaling molecule to which type of receptor leads directly to a change in the distribution of ions on opposite sides of the membrane? They may be inside the nucleus of a target cell. Epinephrine, the fightorflight hormone, acts via cyclic adenosine monphosphate (cAMP). Where in the plasma membrane would cholesterol most likely be found? Muscle and bone cells, in particular, are targeted by ______ hormone. control secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).neurohormones from the ventral hypothalamic neurons, known as releasing (RH) and inhibiting (IH) hormones, control the release of anterior pituitary hormones such as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and TSH. Which of the following is NOT an accurate description of the hypothalamus? Which of the following statements about that model is true? If the amino terminus of such a protein is located on the extracellular side of the membrane, where would you expect to find the carboxyl terminus of the protein? When light traveling in air enters water at an angle. estrogenSteroid hormones such as estrogen can diffuse through the plasma membrane and bind to intracellular receptors. What does it mean to say that a signal is transduced? 2.7 \times 10 ^ { - 5 } \mathrm { m } Steroid hormones - formed from cholesterol. (eText Concept 11.4), Which of the following statements is/are correct? cAMP is a second messenger produced when adenosine triphosphate (ATP) undergoes an enzyme catalyzed reaction. The small site is probably a binding site for a small molecule whose binding affects the enzyme's shape and functionits breakdown of the large substrate. In the adrenal gland, the cells of the adrenal ______ are associated with the ______ division of the autonomic nervous system. Prostaglandins are potent locally-acting paracrine substances that are present in ______ amounts. The blood concentration of growth hormone ______. Hormones that the posterior pituitary secretes are synthesized in the ______. By binding to DNA it triggers the transcription of a specific gene. Which of the following statements best describes a key aspect of a G protein signaling pathway? What tropic hormone stimulates cortisol from the adrenal gland? The membrane is depolarized. Cells of the adrenal ______ are connected to the sympathetic nervous system. Because the cake would increase the glucose levels, glucagon would not be needed. The number of receptors available for binding. activates proteins by removing phosphate. How can one hormone, such as estrogen, mediate so many different effects? Consider the transport of protons and sucrose into a plant cell by the sucrose-proton cotransport protein. Choose which condition has all of the following symptoms: hypertension, hyperglycemia, and a "moon face.". Chemically, in the broadest sense, hormones are classified as ______ hormones or ______ hormones. Which of the following statements describes why a signaling molecule can cause different responses in different cells? Which of the following would be LEAST likely to diffuse through a plasma membrane without the help of a transport protein? True or False: The target cells of releasing hormones are in the anterior pituitary gland. Stress and ACTH are the main stimuli for cortisol. enzymatic phosphorylation of tyrosine in the receptor protein. prostaglandins. A strand of mRNA is transcribed in the nucleus. Two molecules without line C. Two molecules with line D. Diagonal molecules, Bodies of water, such as ponds, freeze from top to bottom, forming a floating sheet of ice. CC 7.1, How would the membrane lipid composition of a native grass WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Plasma Membrane proteins have carbohydrates attached to them in the ER and Golgi Apparatus, then are transported in vesicles to the cells surface. It carries a portion of the genetic information. glucocorticoidsIn response to stress, ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of these is a receptor molecule?, A signal transduction pathway is initiated when a _____ binds to a receptor., signal molecule and more. These molecules probably enter the cells lining the baby's digestive tract via which process? Which of the following hormones primarily affects the reproductive organs? A drug could inhibit the release of glucose from liver cells by having which of the following effects on the liver cells? Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like When cells communicate by the signaling process, one cell produces a _____ that must be received by the _____ on or in the responding cell., Signal molecules that are _____ usually have their corresponding receptor _____ of the cell., A receptor that is inside the cell would require a _____ signal molecule that The concentration of solutes in a particular cell is about 2%, but the cell contains almost no sucrose or urea. e. Students also viewed. How do releasing hormones travel from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland? LH is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates both testosterone production and ovulation. d. It helps to translate the genetic message., When Griffith injected heat-killed infectious bacteria It carries a portion of the genetic information. 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